soil erosion statistics worldwide

Notably soil erosion in rain-fed paddy fields, which was not reported before, has been found by our field survey. Soil erosion is a major problem confronting land and water resources throughout South Africa (SA). Soil erosion and degradation is one of the most serious environmental and public health problems facing human society today. The share of agricultural areas and natural grasslands estimated to be affected by moderate or severe soil erosion by water declined by 2.6 percentage points in the EU-27 between 2000 and 2016. This article provides information on the European Union (EU) agri-environmental indicator soil erosion by water. The area Half of the topsoil on … This unique soil erosion seems to be closely related to topographical features and socio-economic conditions, and seems to characterize soil erosion problems in Northeast Thailand. Toll free in the United States and Canada. Soil erosion is a challenging environmental hazard that can be reduced by conservation practices. "Soil degradation in one form or another occurs in virtually all countries of the world. We have applied the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) to assess soil erosion in the Ghaghara river basin. Soil erosion can affect infrastructural projects such as dams, drainages, and embankments. Global estimates of soil organic carbon stocks have been produced in the past to support the calculation of potential emissions of CO2 from the soil under scenarios of change land use/cover and climatic conditions (IPCC, 2006), but very few global estimates are presented as spatial data. It has an adverse effect on water and air and, of course, on the soil itself. Soil erosion is the most serious precursor of soil degradation that comes with global implications. Just dial 1-800-999-6779. Soil erosion depends on many factors, and a distinction should be made between humanly unchangeable (e.g., rainfall) and modifiable (e.g., length of the field) soil erosion factors. Soil erosion is a complex process that depends on soil prop-erties, ground slope, vegetation, and rainfall amount and inten-sity (13). For instance, the latest reference document of the /UN (FAO and ITPS, 2015) reports that a likely range of global soil erosion by water is 20–30 Gt yr-1, while tillage erosion … Soil erosion and runoff can occur on any soil type or slope at any time of the year. Surface sealing and crusting reduce seedling emergence and in- filtration. lower end of this field is an indicator of sheet erosion. The FAO led Global Soil Partnership 20 reports that 75 billion tonnes (Pg) of soil are eroded every year from arable lands worldwide, which equates to … Soil erosion is a major threat to achieving sustainability in agroe- ... worldwide and the environmental problems they cause are also wide-spread. Damage from soil erosion worldwide is estimated to be $400 billion per year. [1] Unfortunately, topsoil erosion is threatening to make this daunting task considerably more difficult than it already is. Soil erosion reduces the productivity of ecosystems, it changes nutrient cycles and it thus directly impacts climate and society. Soil Erosion and Conservation in the United States An Overview Richard Magleby Carmen Sandretto William Crosswhite C.Tim Osborn . Agriculture is probably the most significant activity that accelerates soil erosion because of the amount of land that is farmed and how much farming practices disturb the ground (Figure 1). About 2,000 million hectares are affected by soil degradation. We still don't know, for example, whether and indeed how different countries influence the erosion of their soils. Abstract. About 60 percent of soil that is washed away ends up in rivers, streams and lakes, making waterways more prone to flooding and to contamination from soil's fertilizers and pesticides. The degraded soil does not support crop production and leads to low crop productivity. In 2012, we estimated an overall increase of 2.5% in soil erosion (35.9Pgyr−1), driven by spatial changes of land use. tion of soil structure increases soil erodibil- ity, surface sealing, and crusting and leads to poorer seedbeds. Record where they occur, and how often. To mitigate coastal erosion, the federal government spends an average of $150 million every year on beach nourishment and other shoreline erosion control measures.1 In addition to beach erosion, more than 80,000 acres of coastal wetlands are lost annually—the equivalent of seven football fields disappearing every hour of every day.2 The aggregate result is that the United States lost an area of … Source: Eurostat (aei_pr_soiler) The mean rate of soil erosion by water was 2.5 tonnes per hectare per year on all erosion-prone land in the EU in 2016 (Figure 2). Wind erosion … Soil erosion has both on-site and off-site effects. It is also a major contributor to mass human migration and increased conflict, according to the world’s first comprehensive evidence-based assessment of land degradation and restoration. Yield reduction in Africa due to past soil erosion may range from 2 to 40%, with a mean loss of 8.2% for the continent. In South Asia, annual loss in productivity is estimated at 36 million tons of cereal equivalent valued at US$5,400 million by water erosion, and US$1,800 million due to wind erosion. Assess past and present visible signs of soil erosion, like rills (small streams) and gullies. Soil erosion is accelerating in developing countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Each year, 75 billion tons of soil are removed due to erosion with most coming from agricultural land and around 20 million hectares of land are lost. Erosion rates computed from NRI data are estimates of average annual (or expected) rates based upon long-term climate data, inherent soil and site characteristics, and cropping and management practices. Soil erosion is very high in Asia, Africa and South America averaging 30–40 t/ha/y (Barrow, 1991). It concentrates on experimental studies on the Loess Plateau of China, in an attempt to establish a new sub-discipline: experimental erosion. Soil erosion is affected by rainfall temporal patterns and intensity variability. Effects of Soil Erosion. Besides the damage to infrastructure, fisheries, and property, erosion of precious topsoils costs tens of billions of dollars worldwide each year. The accumulation of soil and crop debris at the. Also, the silt up can support plant life that can, in … For example, in the late 1980s the Indonesian island of Java was losing 770 million metric tons of topsoil every year at an estimated cost of 1.5 million tons of rice, enough to fulfill the needs of 11.5-15 million people. Global Soil Organic Carbon Estimates. A team of researchers recorded temporal changes of soil erosion … On agricultural areas and natural grassland, the mean rate was even higher: 3.4 t/ha/year in the EU-27. The United States is losing soil 10 times faster -- and China and India are losing soil 30 to 40 times faster -- than the natural replenishment rate. Impact of soil erosion 1. As a result of erosion over the past 40 years, 30 percent of the world's arable land has become unproductive. Worldwide, soil erosion continues unabated while the human population continues to increase rapidly and 66% of the world population is now malnourished (WHO, 2013). Vineyards also show a clear trend of growing area due to ... Statistics from relevant vitivinicultural countries in 2015–2016. in 2012, 35.9 Pg yr −1 - Increase of 2.5% in soil erosion globally (due to land use … The study aimed to estimate the soil erosion rate using different digital elevation models (DEMs) data. Data are accessible in Global Soil Erosion. This example show the "original" data at 250m modelled in this study. This book is the first to systematically explore experimental erosion by integrating theory, erosion observations, and conservation applications. Results and Discussion. It has threatened the livelihood of millions of peasants, for agriculture is their economic mainstay. Clogging of Waterways Water and wind erosion accounted for 84% of these damages, most of which were the result of inappropriate land management in various agricultural systems, both subsistence and mechanized." The major effects of soil erosion include: Loss of Arable Land. If soil conservation is ignored and population control is ignored, more malnourished people and more deaths will occur. Expressed in terms of total area affected, water erosion is most extensive Asia and Africa, followed by South America and Europe. Humans obtain more than 99.7% of their food from the land and less than 0.3% from the oceans and other aquatic ecosystems. Worldwide events ... WSD website access statistics - Devices (Google Analytics) ..... 19 Figure 20. Achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the UN strategies for soil conservation requires understanding of the location and magnitude of erosion at global scales, now and in the future.Here, we address this challenge, in support of decision-making, by forecasting global changes in soil erosion by water, driven by land use and climate change, until 2070. Soil erosion is a global problem that threatens food security and the functioning of ecosystems. In vineyards, machine traffic is implemented with particular intensity from late spring to harvest, and it is responsible for soil compaction, which likely affects soil hydraulic properties, runoff, and soil erosion. Reduced infiltration provides less opportunity for soil water storage. Our baseline model predicts an annual average potential soil erosion amount of 35Pgyr−1 for 2001, with an area-specific soil erosion average of 2.8Mgha−1 yr−1. Globally, water erosion is the most prevalent type of soil degradation (56%), followed by wind erosion (28%), and nutrient decline (7%). “We must stop soil erosion to save our future”, stressed Mr. Mansur. “It takes up to 1,000 years to form one centimeter of top soil, but this one centimeter can be lost with just one heavy rainfall if soil cover is not protected”. Splash erosion is generally seen as the first and least severe stage in the soil erosion process, which is followed by sheet erosion, then rill erosion a… Nearly 10 million hectares of arable land are lost to erosion and other forms of soil degradation every year [1].. Countries all over the world are battling with worrisome sight of deepening gullies crisscrossing the landscape and barren fields stripped of the fertile topsoil. With the world population projected to grow to 9.6 billion people by 2050, feeding the people on our planet will undoubtedly be a considerable challenge. WSD website access statistics ... World Soil Day (WSD)2019 'Stop soil erosion, Save our future' was celebrated with over 560 events taking place in 100 countries across the world. Global perspective on soil erosion. To minimise these risks, cultivate across the slope from before crop establishment to post-harvest, if it’s safe. Worsening land degradation caused by human activities is undermining the well-being of two fifths of humanity, driving species extinctions and intensifying climate change. Erosion also reduces productivity through nonuniform removal of soil within a field. Previous research indicates that more than 70% of South Africa (SA) is affected by varying intensities of soil erosion (Garland et al ., 2000; Le Roux et al ., 2008a). The accumulation of soil sediments in dams/drainages and along embankments can reduce their operational lifetime and efficiency. Soil erosion has a whole host of causes, many of which are still not well understood. The transition to agriculture from natural vegetation often cannot hold onto the soil and many of these plants, such as coffee, cotton, palm oil, soybean and wheat, can actually increase soil erosion beyond the soil’s ability to maintain itself. Soil erosion by water is a natural process that cannot be avoided. Farmers remove native vegetation and then plow the land to plant new seeds. This layer is rich in the essential nutrients required by the plants and the soil. Because most crops grow only in spring and summer, the land lies fallow during the winter. Soil erosion removes the top fertile layer of the soil. Changes in land use are widely recognized as capable of greatly accelerating soil erosion (14–16), and it has long been recognized that erosion in excess of soil production would As a result of erosion over the past 40 years, 30 percent of the world's arable land has become unproductive. Of course, winter is also the stormy season in many locations, so wind and rain … For reference, the global average soil erosion rate is 2.4 t ha −1 yr −1, and we estimate the average country discontinuity at 1.4 t ha −1 yr −1. Moderate (class 3) and high (class 4) soil erosion values are predicted for about 4.2% and 5.1% of the study area, respectively. The remaining land surface (classes 5–7), about 7.5 million km 2 in total (6.1% of the land), exceeds the generic tolerable soil erosion threshold ( T -value) (10 Mg ha −1 yr −1) in 2012. Other areas, please call 1-703-834-0125. It's Easy To Order Another Copy! These estimates come from factors that are determined for the portion of a … On a global scale the annual loss of 75 billion tons of soil costs (at US$3 per ton of soil for nutrients and US$2 per ton of soil, for water) the world about US$400 billion per year, or approximately US$70 per person per year (Lal, 1998). FAO spelled out that by 2050, it may reduce up to 10 per cent of crop yields, which is equivalent to removing millions of hectares of land from crop production. Record soil erosion risk for each field area. Rainfall, and the surface runoff which may result from rainfall, produces four main types of soil erosion: splash erosion, sheet erosion, rill erosion, and gully erosion. Worldwide, soil erosion puts the livelihoods of nearly 1000 million people at risk.

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